1.
Gestalt psychology
•
Gestalt psychology made the initial
attempt in psychology to offer a fundamental treatment to the challenges of the
wholes as well as the partwhole relationships. Their contributions include the
development of Gestalt therapy that focuses on the needs, senses as well as
feelings of the individual. Another contribution is in learning by emphasizing
on the fact that the learning processes via the cognitive trial and error instead
of behavioral trial and error (Carr, 2012).
•
The failures of the school of through
revolving around the inability to extend the gestalt thinking to other areas as
the personality as well as social psychology. The additional failure of the
school is on their lack of developing a comprehensive assessment of the
perceptual organization.
•
Although the tenets of developed by the
school are still in use, the school itself died with the founding further as a
result of the devastating empirical results concerning the electrical field
theory as well the critical limitations that made it impossible to advance
further progress.
2.
Functionalist school of psychology
• Some of the contributions that the
functionalist school of psychology made relate to the development of the
prerequisites that promote the successes of the society, the relationship
between these functions and their effect on the entire society. They
additionally introduced the idea of social facts which are the external
elements that act on individuals and impacting on their successes (Coon &
Mitterer, 2012). They offered a premise that is applicable in explaining a
change in the society through the development of the manner in which social
differentiation explains the change.
• The failures of the functionalism school of
psychology encompass the fact that they argue that institutions precede their
existence. The school further fails to address the social processes as well as
negate the cultural comparisons as they perceive every institution to be perfect.
The assumption that there is the natural existence of the consensus in the
society is the additional failure as it makes their argument flawed.
• The school continues to be useful in the
society especially in explaining various sociological perspectives and the
reasons for the diverse changes that constantly take place in the contemporary
society.
3.
Structuralism
• One of the contributions of structuralism
is on advancing our comprehension of the intertheoretical reduction relation
along with its place in the history of science. The proponents of this school
additionally developed the groundwork for the creation of the agency theory.
They additionally continued with the development of the idea that was a
universal structuring element in the human mind that has the tendency of
shaping culture (Coon & Mitterer, 2015). The conception is progressively
pursued by in the area of cognitive anthropology where they assess the manner
in which people think to identify the structures in place of analyzing the
written as well as the oral texts.
• The failures of the school include the
assertion that they offer a static and historical precept of the theories. Additionally, the theory developed by the
school fail to address issues that have to do with human individuality along
with the assertion that the theory fails to take account of the independent
human acts and the dynamic attributes of culture.
• The school is still alive, with its
precepts in the comprehension of the society and culture
4.
Behaviorism school of psychology
• There are numerous accomplishments of the
behaviorism school of psychology that include the explanation of different
attributes that revolve around gender develop along with the use of behavioral
therapy. The proponents of this school were additionally able to explain the
elements that promote education, modification of behaviors, use of
psychotherapy in handling depression as well as the use of aversion therapy
(Carr, 2012).
• The failure of this school includes the
fact that they ignore the roles played by such attributes as the mediation
processes, ignores the roles that biology plays in promoting behavior as well
as those proponents being too deterministic in that they were pegged to
asserting that people have a little free will. The proponents of this school
developed experiments that had little ecological validity and that emphasized o
comparing animals to human beings, an attribute that makes the premises they
developed questionable.
• The eventual outcomes of the school
encompass the fact that their thoughts and ideologies are still applied in the
contemporary society. These applications of the school ideals include such
elements as explanations of operant conditioning, social efficiency, and rapid
feedback among others.
5.
Humanistic school of psychology
• The greatest accomplishments of the
humanistic school of psychology are in relation to the development of the
hierarchy of needs, asserting that some needs take priority to others in their
execution. The additional accomplishment encompasses the development of the
individual centered therapy, explanation of abnormal behavior as incongruence
as well as low self-worth and motivation strategies (Carr, 2012).
• Some of the failures that are associated
with the school include the fact that they ignored the role that testosterone
plays in the human body. The proponents of the school additionally applied
unscientific precepts in explaining the different concepts like the fact that
it is not possible to measure the element of self-actualization.
• The school is still alive via the continued
development of their precepts as the Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs as an
attribute to explain human behavior. The concepts developed by the school are
additionally adopted in explaining human issues like depression and
motivations.
References
Carr,
S. (2012). Humanitarian Work Psychology. Springer
Coon,
D. & Mitterer, J. (2012). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and
Behavior with Concept Maps. Cengage Learning.
Coon,
D. & Mitterer, J. (2015). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and
Behavior. Cengage Learning.
Sherry Roberts is the author of this paper. A senior editor at MeldaResearch.Com in research paper company if you need a similar paper you can place your order for pre written essays.
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