Thursday, October 25, 2018

Reflection Paper


1.        Gestalt psychology
                     Gestalt psychology made the initial attempt in psychology to offer a fundamental treatment to the challenges of the wholes as well as the partwhole relationships. Their contributions include the development of Gestalt therapy that focuses on the needs, senses as well as feelings of the individual. Another contribution is in learning by emphasizing on the fact that the learning processes via the cognitive trial and error instead of behavioral trial and error (Carr, 2012).
                     The failures of the school of through revolving around the inability to extend the gestalt thinking to other areas as the personality as well as social psychology. The additional failure of the school is on their lack of developing a comprehensive assessment of the perceptual organization.
                     Although the tenets of developed by the school are still in use, the school itself died with the founding further as a result of the devastating empirical results concerning the electrical field theory as well the critical limitations that made it impossible to advance further progress.
2.        Functionalist school of psychology
    Some of the contributions that the functionalist school of psychology made relate to the development of the prerequisites that promote the successes of the society, the relationship between these functions and their effect on the entire society. They additionally introduced the idea of social facts which are the external elements that act on individuals and impacting on their successes (Coon & Mitterer, 2012). They offered a premise that is applicable in explaining a change in the society through the development of the manner in which social differentiation explains the change.
    The failures of the functionalism school of psychology encompass the fact that they argue that institutions precede their existence. The school further fails to address the social processes as well as negate the cultural comparisons as they perceive every institution to be perfect. The assumption that there is the natural existence of the consensus in the society is the additional failure as it makes their argument flawed.
    The school continues to be useful in the society especially in explaining various sociological perspectives and the reasons for the diverse changes that constantly take place in the contemporary society.
3.        Structuralism
    One of the contributions of structuralism is on advancing our comprehension of the intertheoretical reduction relation along with its place in the history of science. The proponents of this school additionally developed the groundwork for the creation of the agency theory. They additionally continued with the development of the idea that was a universal structuring element in the human mind that has the tendency of shaping culture (Coon & Mitterer, 2015). The conception is progressively pursued by in the area of cognitive anthropology where they assess the manner in which people think to identify the structures in place of analyzing the written as well as the oral texts.
    The failures of the school include the assertion that they offer a static and historical precept of the theories.  Additionally, the theory developed by the school fail to address issues that have to do with human individuality along with the assertion that the theory fails to take account of the independent human acts and the dynamic attributes of culture.
    The school is still alive, with its precepts in the comprehension of the society and culture
4.        Behaviorism school of psychology
    There are numerous accomplishments of the behaviorism school of psychology that include the explanation of different attributes that revolve around gender develop along with the use of behavioral therapy. The proponents of this school were additionally able to explain the elements that promote education, modification of behaviors, use of psychotherapy in handling depression as well as the use of aversion therapy (Carr, 2012).
    The failure of this school includes the fact that they ignore the roles played by such attributes as the mediation processes, ignores the roles that biology plays in promoting behavior as well as those proponents being too deterministic in that they were pegged to asserting that people have a little free will. The proponents of this school developed experiments that had little ecological validity and that emphasized o comparing animals to human beings, an attribute that makes the premises they developed questionable.
    The eventual outcomes of the school encompass the fact that their thoughts and ideologies are still applied in the contemporary society. These applications of the school ideals include such elements as explanations of operant conditioning, social efficiency, and rapid feedback among others.



5.        Humanistic school of psychology
    The greatest accomplishments of the humanistic school of psychology are in relation to the development of the hierarchy of needs, asserting that some needs take priority to others in their execution. The additional accomplishment encompasses the development of the individual centered therapy, explanation of abnormal behavior as incongruence as well as low self-worth and motivation strategies (Carr, 2012).
    Some of the failures that are associated with the school include the fact that they ignored the role that testosterone plays in the human body. The proponents of the school additionally applied unscientific precepts in explaining the different concepts like the fact that it is not possible to measure the element of self-actualization.
    The school is still alive via the continued development of their precepts as the Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs as an attribute to explain human behavior. The concepts developed by the school are additionally adopted in explaining human issues like depression and motivations.


References
Carr, S. (2012). Humanitarian Work Psychology. Springer
Coon, D. & Mitterer, J. (2012). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior with Concept Maps. Cengage Learning.
Coon, D. & Mitterer, J. (2015). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior. Cengage Learning.

Sherry Roberts is the author of this paper. A senior editor at MeldaResearch.Com in research paper company if you need a similar paper you can place your order for pre written essays.

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