Wireless Communication

Introduction

The data servers, business telephones, and landlines can be seamlessly connected via a wireless Point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, and multipoint-to-point.  A data link can connect to nodes in a network using several ways based on the purpose of connection and the resources available. In a point-to-point communication topology, the message is transmitted between two connected devices or systems over a physical layer.  In the case of point-to-multipoint, the data is transmitted simultaneously from one device or system to many other devices or systems. On the other hand, multipoint-to-point topology entails the transfer of data from many end points to one end point system. It is essential to understand all these topologies and the way are used in wireless communication. That is the reason they are being discussed in this paper along with an advantage for each of them.

Point-to-point

A traditional point-to-point communication topology entails the connection of two end-points using various means such as leased lines, microwave technology, and buried fiber. However, today is possible to avoid those traditional leased lines’ costs with the usage of wireless point-to-point systems. The wireless point-to-point has made the wireless communications to be easier, faster, and cheaper than in the past. The messages can be transmitted between two specific interlinked systems as long as there is a physical layer that can offer it a way of transparently turning ones and zeros into some form of physical representation (Zhang & Zappala, 1993). The considerations concerning the path that a message should take, the participants in the connected link, and how the participants may be organized is not the business of the point-to-point topology. With the wireless point-to-point system, sharing information like video, voice, and video is efficient and quick.

Specialize antennas are placed in an expertly manner on two end points between which the communication is taking place. A clear line of sight, the antenna, is then used to connect the telecommunication networks to allow the transmission of data to take place between the locations. The connection can stay strong even for up to ten miles especially when the line of sight is completely clear. Those systems work in a way that is similar to an invisible Ethernet cord to collaborate the two locations. Such configuration can deliver Ethernet data rates of up to 100 Mbps, and it is therefore perfect for high capacity backhaul and substation connectivity applications (Akyildiz et al., 2002). One disadvantage with this type of communication is that wit is rarely adequate and the expansion is not possible thereby making point-to-point impractical.

Point-to-Multipoint

Point-to-multipoint communication is the communication that is accomplished via distinct and particular one-to-many connections therefore providing a many paths from a single location to many locations (Gopal & Jaffe, 1984). It is the type of communication that is commonly leveraged in telecommunications to offer the communication services to their clients. It is mainly used to establish private enterprise connectivity to the offices that are located in remote locations, last-mile broadband access, and long distance wireless backhaul services. Because of that, it is usually used in the IP telephony as well as the wireless internet using the gigahertz radio frequencies. The point-to-multipoint networks are deployed in distribution amenities, in public safety applications, and in huge corporate campuses among other appropriate areas. The point-to-multipoint systems can be categorized into single systems or bi-directional systems. Such a system is appropriate for clients or backhaul operations that require a high-speed and a reliable connection.

In a point-to-multipoint topology implementation, a central base is used that supports numerous subscriber stations. The network access is provided from that single location to several locations thereby allowing them to utilize the same network resources among them. The central base is situated at the central location and is also called a root bridge or a base station bridge (Zhang & Zappala, 1993). All the data that goes passes between the clients of the wireless bridge has to initially go through the root bridge. It is easy to deploy the wireless point-to-multipoint network as the equipment is only deployed at the new subscriber’s site.  The disadvantages wit this type of network is that one has to pay for unused dedicated capacity, and it is not possible to connect with other nodes due to the directional antenna.

Multipoint-to-Point

One of the most needful for enhanced communications protocols is the multipoint communication. The multipoint-to-point communication network offers a two-way interactive communications between multiple remote user terminals and a central hub earth location (Diot, Dabbous, & Crowcroft, 1997).  This type of connectivity is used as it reduces the technical requirements for the remote locations. The remote locations are required to have the ability of transmitting the data back to the same satellite the same way the hub uses to broadcast. Additionally, in a multipoint-to-point network, the transmission data rates need to be asymmetrical. That means that the hub station transmits at a far high speed rate as compared to any one of the remote VSATs.  The optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing networks are built on the idea of wavelength routing and they are deployed on the Web infrastructure with the purpose of satisfying the increasing demand for bandwidth (Diot, Dabbous, & Crowcroft, 1997).

An optical multipoint-to-point communications entails a simultaneous transmission of a light signal from numerous source nodes to a single sink node. A cooperative diversity helps to improve reliability although for multilayer networks, a successive relaying strategy experiences throughput loss (Zhou, Saidi, Molnár, & Cousin, 2009). Therefore, space-time network codes are used in these environments.  These space-time network codes consist if two relaying strategies including decode and forward; and amplify and forward. In that case, the relays produce a single linearly coded signal as an output from the overhead symbols that is ten transmitted to the intended destination. A multi-user detection is leveraged at the destination to get the desired signals.  In this type of wireless communication, are possibilities of wavelength continuity constraints where the same wavelength that implies the same wavelength needs to be retained along a light path minus wavelength conversion. 

Conclusion

In this paper, three types of wireless communication protocols have discussed namely, Point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, and multipoint-to-point protocols. The implementation scenarios, the definitions, the advantages and the disadvantages were also highlighted so as to offer as elaborate information on the same as possible. Each of these protocols should be deployed at their correct places so to offer the needed communication between the network devices between which the communication is taking place. Much expertise is in requirement for these types of communications as that can help to reduce many of the technical challenges that are encountered when deploying these types of networks.

 

References

Akyildiz, I. F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., & Cayirci, E. (2002). A survey on sensor networks. IEEE communications magazine, 40(8), 102-114.

Diot, C., Dabbous, W., & Crowcroft, J. (1997). Multipoint communication: a survey of protocols, functions, and mechanisms. IEEE journal on selected areas in communications, 15(3), 277-290.

Gopal, I., & Jaffe, J. (1984). Point-to-multipoint communication over broadcast links. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 32(9), 1034-1044.

Simpson, W. (1992). The point-to-point protocol (PPP) for the transmission of multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links.

Zhang, L., Deering, S., Estrin, D., Shenker, S., & Zappala, D. (1993). RSVP: A new resource reservation protocol. IEEE network, 7(5), 8-18.

Zhou, F., Saidi, M. Y., Molnár, M., & Cousin, B. (2009, October). Supporting multipoint-to-point communications in all-optical WDM networks. In 2009 IEEE 34th Conference on Local Computer Networks (pp. 209-212). IEEE.

Sherry Roberts is the author of this paper. A senior editor at Melda Research in affordable term papers if you need a similar paper you can place your order for essay writer services.