Lung cancer

             Lung cancer is also called lung carcinoma.  The disease is a malignant lung tumor which is characterized by both rapid and slow but uncontrolled growth of cells in lung tissues.   Lack or delayed treatment end up spreading beyond the lungs into the nearby tissues to other body parties through the process of metastasis.  Its main types are small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The common symptoms include coughing up blood, weight loss, shortness of breath, as well as chest pains (Janssens, Teugels, Kohl, et.al, 2015). Staging lung cancer base on whether it is local or has spread from the lungs to other organ’s lymph nodes. Since lungs are fat, tumors may grow inside for a long period before they are located. Even when specific symptoms like coughing and fatigue surfaces, people may think they are of other causes. Hence, initial stages of lung cancer remain difficult to detect. The main causes of cancer include smoking, accidental gas inhalation, inhalation and taking of asbestos, air pollution, genetic mutations among other causes.

            Many substances, activities and environmental exposures link to lung cancer. Same to other cancers, lung cancer gets initiated by oncogenes activation or tumor suppressor gene inactivation (Adetiba & Olugbara, 2015). Carcinogens end up causing mutations in the genes thus inducing lung cancer development.  Lung cancer diagnosis includes classification, metastasis, and staging.  For instance,   undergoing a chest radiograph remains as one of the initial investigative phases that reports symptoms which suggest the presence of lung cancer. The standard preventive measure for lung cancer include initiating of smoking bans, screening and other prevention strategies including proper good observation especially Vitamin A. From a management perspective, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, bronchoscopy as well as palliative care are the common strategies.

References

Adetiba, E., & Olugbara, O. O. (2015): Improved Classification of Lung Cancer Using Radial      Basis Function Neural Network with Affine Transforms of Voss Representation. PLoS      ONE, 10(12), 1-25. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143542

Janssens, A., Teugels, L., Kohl, S., Michielsen, T., & van Meerbeeck, J. (2015): Integrating early palliative care (EPC) in the management of lung cancer: The role of the thoracic    oncologist. Lung Cancer (01695002), 90(2), 135-138. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.08.016

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