U.S Border Security & Illegal Immigration & U.S. Emergency Management

Explain briefly U.S. Border Security and the challenges in enforcing it?

U.S. implemented a   border protection security act in 2009 through Department of Homeland Security (DHS). DHS implemented Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) to facilitate secure land and earth traveling to U.S. The initiative enforced Mexican and Canadian citizens to securely present passport or other relevant documents to gain permission to enter U.S borders. The passports acted as the identity that denoted U.S citizenship. Custom Border Protection is implementing radiation Portal monitors as well other improved radiation detecting technologies to track and monitor seaports, and land boundaries (Official website of the Department of Homeland Security, 2015).

Challenges

Even with enforcement of Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) Canadian and Mexican citizens some faked documents or present any documents to cross USA borders.  They have been negotiating their rights as a legal citizen of USA through word of mouth. The installation of Radiation surveillance tools has contributed to different aspects of data and information where only 68% of arriving tracks and passenger vehicles were tracked. The systems deployed in southern border never worked according to USA plan (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2013). 

What are the major issues that the U.S. government is facing in protecting its borders from illegal immigration?

Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) has faced challenges in implementing legal enforcement on immigration policies. INS faced challenges such as lack of reliable data and information to determine staff needs and analysis. INS had inadequate power ‘and potential to implement information technology security parameters to promote total security at immigration borders. INS lacked clear procedures as well as consistent guidelines to facilitate procedures for adequate working level staff. Selection of experienced and expert staff in the implementation of security is a challenge to INS due to lack of full commitments and sacrifice to secure borders (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2014). INS lacked support and effective collaboration with other agencies that enforce security making efforts implemented lack effectiveness in their enforcement. NIS Organization has faced challenges whereby it lacked performance measures to access results of programs implemented by the organization.      

How have those issues been addressed?

The Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (BICE) assumed responsibility for implementing strategies of NIS. The various measures needed to be considered to improve security includes ensuring resources are well allocated to sensitive matters that enforce security. BICE should implement advanced technology in implementing security. The operations involving surveillance, monitoring as well as recognizing fake documents should implement the application of information technology. BICE should facilitate collaboration with other agencies to ensure the organization enforces duties and reliability of security services.  BICE should establish a close alliance with Bureau of Citizens and Immigration Services (BCIS) for proper management and adjudication of benefits and operations of the organization. New collaboration with Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (BCBP) should be established to help BICE in implementing anti-smuggling investigations and providing intelligence operations and information. BICE should concentrate on facilitating training to the employees as well as guiding them through enforcing internal controls and governing operations involving the implementation of antiterrorism securing procedures activities (Matt, et al., 2011).   

Throughout the history of emergency management in the United States, priorities set for government emergency management agencies have been driven by the most widely perceived threat or hazard. In your opinion, is DHS’s current focusing on terrorism the right area to be focused on, or should more attention be paid to natural disaster management?

Emergency management covers aspects dealing with risk and risk avoidance. According to principle foundation of DHS was to facilitate security by fighting terrorism attacks. Aims and objectives guiding DHS are focused on ways to improve rampant attacks from terror groups, cyber espionage as well as cyber crime attacks. The nature of the organization is to implement processes that cu9rb and deal with terror groups. Diverting original attention of the group means that the organization has comprised to security and surrendered to the terrorists. Main operations and objectives of DHS will lack meaning and integrate hence security will become second priority.

DHS has experience in dealing with physical matters implemented by terror groups. Investments implemented by DHS focus at improving and mitigating terror acts. From a technology point of view advancement of the group has facilitated great changes in technology to make current technology manage nature of security. DHS well understands secrets and codes for implementation of security. Changing and diverting their expertise to another field is equally giving them a total failure in their new jurisdiction. Strategies and effort employed by DHS allow proper implementation of security work by their office.

Responsibilities duties and roles allocated to DHS are well outlined by their long term and short term goals. The effectiveness of operations within the organization of DHS focuses at implementing their strategic plan. The entire perfection of activities of nature of system should effectively actively embed within systems of DHS. Through functions of DHS established links and association with intelligence groups would lose meaning upon allocating DHS more extra duties (Julie, & Jonathan, 2012). Adding extra operation to DHS is expanding their operations thus making them more stressed in dealing with extra work.

 Policies and standards set by DHS reveal their traditions and active work of dedicated services. The various coordination of activities within the organization of DHS and settings that correspond to the cooperation of nations should be actively completed and accomplished by DHS while operati0nkg in its original work and office. Through the allocation of work and dealing with operations like computer crimes, biometric security enforcement, and several projects were accomplished, through operations involving DHS. The efforts of DHS were actively involved in accomplishing tasks security projects.

According to the needs analysis, natural disasters should come second in the process of prioritizing security aspects. A dedicated body should be set aside to deal with natural disasters. Improvising m successful organizations to carry out other duties is denying other area progress and development. Security to humanity from attacks by terrorist it is one of major risk that operates and occurs more recently and progressively compared to disaster attacks. The kind of tremor developed by terror attacks is more severe as compared to the disasters caused by natural phenomenon. More stigma is developed by people who encounter natural disasters while little stigma has been noted on individuals who encounter other forms of disasters. Entirely disaster mitigating group should be separate from organization that deals with security of entire nations.

References

 Julie D., & Jonathan I. (2012). Governing Immigration Through Crime: A Reader. USA: Stanford university Press

Matt A. M., James J. C., and Jessica Z. (2011). Homeland Security 4.0: Overcoming Centralization, Complacency, and Politics. Source: (heritage.org). Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/08/homeland-security-4-0-overcoming-centralization-complacency-and-politics

Official website of the Department of Homeland Security (2015). Securing and Managing Our Borders. Source: (dhs.gov). Retrieved from https://www.dhs.gov/securing-and-managing-our-borders

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (2013). United States Border Patrol – Border Agent Staffing by Fiscal Year, 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (2014)Total Illegal Alien Apprehensions by Fiscal Year. Source: (cbp.gov).

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