Abstract
Database Backup
and restoration of a database in information technology are essential to
ensuring business continuity in the event of a failure. Disaster planning in an
organization ensures that a business survives in the event of a catastrophe as
well as enjoys other different benefits. This research paper discusses
extensively database backup and disaster planning in enterprises. The paper
also covers the importance of the integration of both backups and disaster
planning and the impact if both do not get executed effectively.
Database backup
Database Backup
in Information Technology (IT) entails of the copying of data so that it can get
used to restore a database in case of information systems failure. The
restoration of a database is essential for ensuring business continuity in the
event of a failure. The database administrator in an organization undertakes
the functions of preparing for possible system failures as well as recovery of
the database during a disaster. The database administrator must ensure that the
data is available to users in the shortest time possible and at the same time
ensure that no data gets lost. Several checklists get considered when setting
up database backup and recovery procedures.
It is essential
to develop a comprehensive backup plan that includes all the types of Oracle
relational database management system with the business. It should cover the
data that requires getting backed up either through an online backup or an
offline cold backup. In the event of a hardware failure, the entire system will
get required to get restored completely. It hence requires backing up of the
database server operating system initially. The superuser passwords should get
backed up since they may get needed during recovery.
When setting up
database backup procedures and practices, it is also necessary to consider the
available backup types. Oracle database backup types include logical backups,
physical offline or cold backups, and physical online or hot backups. Logical
backups get executed through Oracle utilities “exp”. It backs up the entire
database, individual schemas, tables or tablespaces. The restore gets performed
using “imp” or Data Pump. Physical offline or cold backups entail the shutting
down of the database and making a copy of all useful data files as well as
other components of the database. Hot backups, on the other hand, back up the
database while it is still up and running. SQL Server databases comprise of
logical backups and physical backups. For logical backups in SQL Server,
individual schema objects get backed up to flat files in any supported files
and restoration takes place using bcp utility, the Import and Export Wizard, or
the SQL Server Integration Services tools. For physical backups, all user
databases get set up for full recovery model and both database and transaction
logs get backed up to restore the database.
All databases
backup procedures should also ensure they develop a strategy for handling very
large database backups. In Oracle, database administrators can minimize the
backup window for this type of backups by allocating multiple channels and
fine-tuning backups. The administrator can also save disk space by utilizing
compressed backups. The administrator can block tracking with incremental
backup techniques with the latest versions. It is also vital to establish a
suitable backup schedule and window. The location or store for backups should get
considered adequately. It is a good database backup practice to backup data to
disk, transfer to tape and later store tapes offsite for disaster recovery. The
database administrator should also develop a backup retention policy.
Disaster Planning
For organizations,
a disaster refers to any natural or manmade event in the organization that
results in the disruption of the normal operations of a company or adverse
impacts. These events include hurricanes, fire, storms, earthquakes, hardware
failure, software bugs, etc. Disaster recovery planning is the measures put in
place by an organization to prepare for and for response in the event of a
catastrophe. The core objective of disaster recovery planning is to ensure the
survival of the business.
When developing
a disaster plan, it is essential to set the objectives that the particular
technology must achieve. It is vital that the technology is simple so that
recovery gets achieved easily and in a simple manner. Simplicity in a
technology gets achieved by requiring automation, comprehensive fit,
availability and reliability, and simple restoration of complex applications,
in the recovery plan. An automated recovery process eliminates and reduces
manual intervention.
When compiling a
disaster plan several crucial elements should get considered as described
below;
a)
Singular
and community-wide disasters
It is essential that a
disaster plan takes into consideration the needs when responding to either a
singular or a community-based disaster. The planning process of the disaster
recovery must incorporate the needs and resources in both circumstances.
b)
Notification
procedures
When planning for
disaster recovery, it is essential to list the persons to get notified and
those to notify them in the event of a disaster, identify the notification
channels, determine how regularly the list should get modified, and where to
keep the list.
c)
Delayed
Access
The plans made for
disaster recovery, and business continuity should take into consideration the
actions to get implemented in case of an extended recovery time frames
including delayed access to the operation building.
d)
Relocation
The business continuity
plan should take into consideration at what time frame, and state is it
necessary to undertake temporary or permanent relocation (Moore, 1995).
e)
Emergency
authorization procedures
The disaster recovery
plans should also consist of the emergency supply and acquisition requirements.
f)
Insurance
The disaster recovery
plan should incorporate an appropriate insurance plan that takes into
consideration all the potential disaster events (Moore, 1995).
g)
Public
relations
The plans made
for disaster recovery, and business continuity should address both internal and
external public relations so as to ensure that workers and the community have
adequate and correct information regarding the recovery process (Moore, 1995).
Disasters occur
of varying magnitudes and result in various detrimental adverse impacts to
buildings, IT systems, and equipment. The following are the common adverse effects
of a hazard. First, catastrophes result in direct destruction to buildings,
equipment and IT systems hence rendering equipment no operational and buildings
uninhabitable. Disasters also affect people directly as they lead to loss of
life, cause injuries and also leads to displacement. These impacts lead to loss
of productive staff in a business as well as high medical expense. Second,
disasters render buildings inaccessible due to their unsafe nature after
catastrophes. Third, hazards result in utility outage such as interruption of
water, natural gas and electric power hence rendering systems unusable and
buildings uninhabitable. Fourth,
catastrophes cause major transportation disruption by interrupting movement by
roads, water, rail and air. These transportation disruptions have significant
negative effect to economy as workers cannot report to work, receipt of
supplies gets prevented and leads to the halting of shipment of products.
Fifth, catastrophes result in communication outages as the direct damage of
communication infrastructure prevents data and voice communication that is
crucial for daily operational needs. Six, many of the hazards necessitate for
evacuations to safe grounds Lastly, disasters result in increased level of
employee absenteeism due to disruption of transport infrastructure, disruption
of power and utility outages (Gregory, 2011).
Effective
disaster management entails of various phases namely; preparedness, mitigation,
recovery, and response. Preparedness phase entails of the activities that take
place ways before the occurrence of a disaster. The core elements include
resource assessment and acquisition, threat assessment, drills and exercises,
plan documentation, and inter and intra-jurisdictional cooperation. Response
phase entails of the execution of the plans and allocation of resources
determined in the preparedness stage. The core elements are medical assistance
and first aid, shelter and evacuation, search and rescue, secondary damage
reduction and activation of emergency protocol. The recovery step entails of
establishing, coordinating and undertaking service and site restoration plans
for both immediate and strategic perspectives. Mitigation involves the efforts
applied to minimize the impacts of subsequent disaster incidences. The core
elements are legislative planning and enhanced reconstruction.
Importance of the integration of
both backups and disaster planning and the impact if both do not get executed
effectively
The integration
of disaster recovery planning in an organization is useful since it brings
numerous benefits. The business is adequately prepared for any occurrence of a
disaster as well as has robust strategies to respond to the disaster; hence,
ensuring business continuity in the event of a hazard. The organization also
enjoys enhanced business processes as the processes undergo analysis and
scrutiny, thus assisting system analysts to identify weak areas. The
organization often gets involved in improving of IT systems, hence, ensure
improved technology. The organization also encounters fewer disruptions due to
improved technology, stable IT systems and system architecture changes that
meet recovery objectives for previous outages hence preventing there repeated
occurrence. Improved processes and technology in an organization leads to
higher quality services thus enhanced customer satisfaction. The organization
also acquires a higher competitive advantage in the market as its services are
easily available and reliable.
When a disaster
occurs in an organization that does not have a proper disaster plan, there are
several adverse events that are likely to take place in the organization. For
instance, the occurrence of disasters that lead to infrastructure damage and
system outages such as earthquakes, hurricanes and severe weather, may lead
into total loss of a business or the extended recovery time. Sabotage, severe
crash and data corruption in an organization may result in several days outage
to rebuild data from backup media or even total loss of essential company
information.
References
Gregory, P. H. (2011). IT disaster recovery planning
for dummies. John Wiley & Sons.
Moore, P. (1995). Critical elements of a disaster
recovery and business/service continuity plan. Facilities, 13(9/10), 22-27.
Sherry Roberts is the author of this paper. A senior editor at MeldaResearch.Com in research paper services if you need a similar paper you can place your order for professional research proposal writing services.
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