Asthma

Exposure to the allergens causes the inflammation of airways. They become swollen and extrmely sensitive to most of the inhaled substances. The reaction of the airways causes the surrounding muscles to tighten, airways narrowing and thus causing less air to flow into the lungs. To get rid of the irritation, there is the production of mucus, which with time becomes too much, making the airways to swell and narrower. The continued excretion of more mucus leads to further narrowing of the airways and as a result, less air to the lungs (van der Wiel, et al., 2014).

The main factor selected and that affected the pathophysiology of both disorders is related to the triggers that are the attributes that make the symptoms and attacks worse for a patient. The inflammation along with the subsequent air spasm of the air passages followed by swelling of the passages along with the thickening of the lung secretion mainly the sputum are the chief results of these triggers. They cause a decrease and in other cases stoppage in the flow of air to the lungs. These triggers included allergen such as dust, pollen, animal dander, some foods as well as molds (Secor Jr., et al, 2012).  Other includes lung infections, for instance, bronchitis, air irritants as odors and smoke and exposure to occupational chemicals along with other materials.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of asthma relies on an individual’s medical as well as family history, physical examination as well as test results. The medical and family history revolves around the assessment of allergies and asthma as well as whether one has asthma symptoms. In the physical examination, the doctors assess the patients’ chest, skin, and nose for signs of allergies or asthma including wheezing (Globe, et al., 2015).

The fact that there is no treatment for asthma implies that the interventions are meant to prevent troublesome, chronic, breath shortness among other symptoms. It also serves to minimize the necessity for quick relieves medicine as well as assist in maintaining a good lung infection. These include compliance with a written asthma plan of action developed by the doctor. Ensuring that one avoids the asthma triggers, taking the medicine as prescribes as well as recognizing and acting fast when symptoms arise (Globe, et al., 2015).

Medication administered to asthma patients includes the leukotriene antagonists’ receptor; expectorants meant to loosen the sputum, asthma medicine, bronchodilators meant to open the air passages. The intravenous cortisone drugs used during emergencies only are meant to decrease the allergic responses of the body. The cortisone drugs via nebulizer normally exhibits less adverse reactions compared to the oral drugs (van der Wiel, et al., 2014).

References

Globe, G., Martin, M., Schatz, M., Wiklund, I., Lin, J., von Maltzahn, R., & Mattera, M. S. (2015). Symptoms and markers of symptom severity in asthma—content validity of the asthma symptom diary. Health & Quality Of Life Outcomes, 13(1), 21-29. doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0217-5

Morrison, D., Mair, F. S., Chaudhuri, R., McGee-Lennon, M., Thomas, M., Thomson, N. C., & ... Wyke, S. (2015). Details of development of the resource for adults with asthma in the RAISIN (randomized trial of an asthma internet self-management intervention) study. BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making, 15(1), 1-16. doi:10.1186/s12911-015-0177-z

Secor Jr., E. R., Shah, S. J., Guernsey, L. A., Schramm, C. M., & Thrall, R. S. (2012). Bromelain Limits Airway Inflammation in an Ovalbumin-induced Murine Model of Established Asthma. Alternative Therapies In Health & Medicine, 18(5), 9-17.

van der Wiel, E., Postma, D. S., van der Molen, T., Schiphof-Godart, L., ten Hacken, N. T., & van den Berge, M. (2014). Effects of small airway dysfunction on the clinical expression of asthma: a focus on asthma symptoms and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Allergy, 69(12), 1681-1688. doi:10.1111/all.12510

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