Monday, January 14, 2019

Meaning of philosophy


Essay
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory in which the rightness and wrongness of acts are dependent on facts concerning the maximization of the total well-being. The phrasethe greatest good for the greatest numbercommonly gets associated with utilitarianism. Utilitarianism typically demands that individuals act in particular ways that lead to the biggest possible amount of well-being. Well-being in this aspect gets understood as closely related to happiness. Several scholars have maintained that the theory of utility (the greatest happiness principle) meant the experience of pleasure together with freedom from pain and not something supposed to get contrasted with pleasure. The doctrine whose basis of morals is utility declares that actions are right in proportion if they tend to improve the happiness of an individual, whereas wrong in proportion if they tend to result in the opposite of happiness. Happiness in this context implies pleasure and the absence of pain, whereas unhappiness implies pain and the absence of pleasure to an individual.

Utilitarianism gets defined by five characteristics namely welfarism, individualism, consequentialism, aggregation, and maximization. Welfarism refers to the perspective that the badness and goodness of consequences, or state of affairs is independent completely on facts regarding well-being. Individualism refers to the perspective that the sources of value that exist in the world are individuals (individuals referring to humans and animals). Consequentialism refers to the aspect that the rightness and wrongness of acts are independent completely on facts concerning the outcome of actions. Aggregation refers to the aspect that the value of a state of affairs gets determined by the summation of the values that get associated each in the state of affairs. Maximization refers to the perspective that it is desirable for the value of the state of affairs to be as large as possible.
Utilitarianism principle faces numerous challenges in its role of pursuing not only self-happiness but also happiness for others. One of the main challenges is that if every person gets motivated solely by the desire for her happiness, then there is no reason to assume that personal action will consequently promote the interests of society. Mill response was that the utilitarianism principle is not an agent of self-happiness rather the happiness of all who are concerned. In this principle, happiness is the utilitarian standard of what gets seen as right so as to produce happiness for all. As between an individual’s happiness and the happiness of other people, the utilitarianism principle requires the individual to become strictly impartial like a disinterested and benevolent spectator. Mill states that the best chance of serving and achieving the happiness of other people is through the complete sacrifice of one’s happiness. Mill also admits that individuals willing and ready to make a complete sacrifice for the happiness of others possess the highest virtue for a man.
The gap between individual happiness and general happiness has effectively got addressed in the utilitarianism principle. The principle requires us to act in a way that the rule basing our action can get adopted as law by all rational beings. In organizing an individual’s life so as to maximize the chances of happiness, it is vital to follow an indirect strategy whose purpose in not directly happiness. The purpose is, however, to learn to care about different things for one’s sake, and in which caring will produce happiness. In the pursuit of happiness for other people, success gets attained by following an indirect rather than a direct strategy.

Sherry Roberts is the author of this paper. A senior editor at MeldaResearch.Com in cheap term papers if you need a similar paper you can place your order from top research paper writing companies.

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